A institucionalização do ensino de matemática no período pombalino (1750-1777): da Lei do Diretório à publicação dos novos estatutos da Universidade de Coimbra

Resumo

This study investigated the institutionalization of mathematics education during the Pombaline period, from 1757 – with the enactment of the Diretório Law – to 1772, the year of the publication of the New Statutes of the University of Coimbra and the General Law of Minor Schools, which nationalized and regulated schools for reading, writing, and arithmetic. The research is anchored in the hypothesis that mathematics, as a subject of instruction, became institutionalized based on three purposes corresponding to the practical and specific needs of the Portuguese State during the administration of Minister Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo (1699-1782) – later Count of Oeiras (1759) and Marquis of Pombal (1769) – under the reign of D. José I (1750-1777): (1) the technical training of military personnel and merchants, aimed at defending the territory and ensuring the economic prosperity of the Portuguese Kingdom, which sought to establish itself on equal footing with other European states; (2) the academic training of technical, bureaucratic, and scientific personnel necessary for the commercial, agrarian, naval, and industrial development of Portugal and its dominions; (3) the education of children, intended to shape subjects and Christians who would be useful to society, both in the metropole and the colonies. To achieve these objectives, legislative sources were analyzed, along with educational historiography and theoretical assumptions related to cultural history. The study concludes that the Law of November 6, 1772, represents a fundamental milestone in the institutionalization of elementary education by establishing the Minor Schools, marking the second attempt to legally regulate mathematics instruction. The first occurred with the Diretório Law (1757), which, in addition to reading and writing, included arithmetic – though it failed to implement it effectively. However, mathematics gradually gained prominence, first through the Commerce Classes (1759), designed to train skilled merchants, and later with the founding of the Royal College of Nobles (1761), which incorporated scientific disciplines into its curriculum. The decisive advancement came in 1772, when the Law of Minor Schools explicitly mandated that teachers instruct not only reading and writing but also the four arithmetic operations, thereby consolidating mathematics education in Minor Studies. Simultaneously, the New Statutes of the University of Coimbra established the Mathematical Course. Thus, mathematics – which had initially not been implemented as envisioned by the Diretório Law – finally gained legal recognition and pedagogical structure, both in Minor and Major Studies, marking its definitive institutionalization within the Portuguese educational system.

Metadados

Veículo

Pós-Graduação em Educação

Orientação

Luiz Eduardo Meneses de Oliveira

Acervo

Teses e dissertações (BDTD/UFS)

Ano

2025

Idioma

por

Tipo

Tese

Texto completo

https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/24098

Palavras-chave

Educação - História - Coimbra (Portugal) · Matemática - estudo e ensino · Educação e Estado · Reforma do ensino - História - Coimbra (Portugal) · Universidade de Coimbra · Ensino de Matemática · História da educação · Período pombalino · Reformas pombalinas · Mathematics education · History of education · Pombaline period · Pombaline reforms · Enseignement des mathématiques · Histoire de l'éducation · Période pombalienne · Réformes pombaliennes · CIENCIAS HUMANAS::EDUCACAO

Fonte do metadado

ri-ufs

Exportar citação

@misc{santos2025a,
  title   = {A institucionalização do ensino de matemática no período pombalino (1750-1777): da Lei do Diretório à publicação dos novos estatutos da Universidade de Coimbra},
  author  = {Márcio Ponciano dos Santos},
  year    = {2025},
  journal = {Pós-Graduação em Educação},
  url     = {https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/24098},
}

TY  - GEN
AU  - Márcio Ponciano dos Santos
TI  - A institucionalização do ensino de matemática no período pombalino (1750-1777): da Lei do Diretório à publicação dos novos estatutos da Universidade de Coimbra
PY  - 2025
JO  - Pós-Graduação em Educação
UR  - https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/24098
AB  - This study investigated the institutionalization of mathematics education during the Pombaline period, from 1757 – with the enactment of the Diretório Law – to 1772, the year of the publication of the New Statutes of the University of Coimbra and the General Law of Minor Schools, which nationalized and regulated schools for reading, writing, and arithmetic. The research is anchored in the hypothesis that mathematics, as a subject of instruction, became institutionalized based on three purposes corresponding to the practical and specific needs of the Portuguese State during the administration of Minister Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo (1699-1782) – later Count of Oeiras (1759) and Marquis of Pombal (1769) – under the reign of D. José I (1750-1777): (1) the technical training of military personnel and merchants, aimed at defending the territory and ensuring the economic prosperity of the Portuguese Kingdom, which sought to establish itself on equal footing with other European states; (2) the academic training of technical, bureaucratic, and scientific personnel necessary for the commercial, agrarian, naval, and industrial development of Portugal and its dominions; (3) the educatio
ER  -